Possessive pronouns in Spanish are small words with big power. They tell us who owns what — but unlike English, Spanish has two systems: the short possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro) and the long/stressed possessive pronouns/adjectives (mío, tuyo, suyo, nuestro, vuestro) that agree in gender and number. As a learner who taught myself Spanish, I remember how confusing suyo felt at first. In this guide we’ll cover everything: forms, when to use each one, common pitfalls, comparisons with English, and plenty of examples so you can practice with confidence.

1. Two systems: short vs. long (stressed) possessives

Spanish uses short possessive adjectives before nouns (no agreement): mi casa, tus libros, su problema. The long or stressed forms (mío, tuyo, suyo, nuestro, vuestro) are used as pronouns or after the noun for emphasis and must agree in gender and number: la casa mía, los libros tuyos, las ideas suyas.

Short possessives (before nouns)

Long (stressed) possessives — forms and agreement

The stressed forms agree with the thing possessed:

2. When to use the long forms

Use the long/stressed possessives in three main situations:

• As standalone pronouns replacing a noun: ¿Dónde están mis libros? — Los míos están en la mesa.
• After the noun for emphasis or contrast: Esta es la casa mía, no la tuya.
• To avoid ambiguity or to add formality: Su coche (unclear) → El coche suyo (clearer in context) or El suyo as pronoun.

3. Su vs suyo — the ambiguity problem

One of the biggest learner questions is su and suyo because they can mean his, her, your (formal), their. Strategies to avoid confusion:

• Use de + name for clarity: su libro → el libro de María.
• Use the stressed form with context: El libro es suyo (it’s his/hers/theirs — context needed).
• When speaking, intonation and adding a clarifier help: Es el suyo, de él.

4. Agreement and examples

5. Placement: before vs after the noun

Short possessives (mi, tu, su) go before the noun: mi amigo. Long/stressed ones usually go after the noun when used attributively: un amigo mío (one of my friends). Note nuance: mi amigo (my friend) vs un amigo mío (a friend of mine — implies one among several).

6. Possessives as pronouns (replacing the noun)

When the noun is understood, use the stressed forms alone with the definite article: ¿Quieres mi taza? — No, gracias. La tuya está limpia.

7. Possessives with prepositions and emphasis

You can add emphasis with prepositional constructions: este libro es para mí vs. este libro es mío. Both are correct; the stressed form is stronger and more emphatic.

8. Possessives in plural and feminine forms — quick chart

9. Common mistakes and corrections

10. Regional notes

In Latin America, vuestro / vuestra is rarely used; speakers prefer su / sus or de ustedes. Keep that in mind when practicing with natives from different countries.

11. Quick practice exercises

1. Replace the noun with a possessive pronoun: Mi casa es grande. → La mía es grande.
2. Make this sentence less ambiguous: Su hermano llegó. → El hermano de María llegó.
3. Emphasize ownership: Este bolígrafo es mío.

12. Practice tips from my experience

When I learned Spanish I practiced by labeling objects at home with mi and then making sentences using el mío and la mía. Also, when suyo confused me, I switched to el libro de Ana to be clear. Little habits like these help you internalize choice and nuance.

13. Using Lingobi to practice possessives

On Lingobi you can listen to native speakers use stressed and unstressed possessives, do interactive exercises that force you to choose the correct form, and chat with natives to practice avoiding ambiguity in real conversation.

Lingobi