The imperfect tense in Spanish is used to describe actions that were ongoing or habitual in the past. Unlike the preterite, which focuses on completed actions, the imperfect sets the scene, expresses repeated behavior, or provides background details.

If you're talking about what you “used to do” or how things “were” over a period of time, the imperfect is usually what you want to use. I remember struggling with this at first, since English doesn’t have a direct equivalent. But once I started to hear it in stories and conversations, it clicked. Let’s break it down with some conjugations and examples.

When to Use the Imperfect

• Habitual or repeated past actions
• Descriptions of people, places, weather, or time in the past
• Background information or ongoing states
• Actions that were happening when something else interrupted them